George Soros is a Hungarian-born US business magnate, investor, philanthropist and Chairman of Soros Fund Management LLC and the Open Society Foundations. In 1973, he set up a private investment firm that eventually evolved into the Quantum Fund, one of the first hedge funds. He is known as "The Man Who Broke the Bank of England" because of his short sale of US$10 billion worth of pounds, giving him a profit of $1 billion during the 1992 Black Wednesday UK currency crisis. Soros is one of the thirty richest people in the world. Soros’ most recent book is Financial Turmoil in Europe and the United States (2012). His other books include The Soros Lectures: At the Central European University (2010), The Crash of 2008 and What it Means: The New Paradigm for Finance Markets (2009); The Age of Fallibility: Consequences of The War on Terror (2006); The Bubble of American Supremacy (2005). His essays on politics, society, and economics appear frequently in major periodicals around the world.